We have little definite information about Pope Saint Caius. It was said that he was a relative of the Emperor Diocletian and was also an uncle of an unidentified holy Susanna. He also made up the final structure of the lower orders. The information is not verifiable, but seems to maybe preclude his martyrdom, because – on the threshold of Peter from 283 to 296 – he died before the Diocletian persecution was unleashed.

Legend has it that Caius was born in the Dalmatian city of Salona (nda: Solin is about 5 km NE of Split), to a noble family related to the Roman emperor Diocletian.

Pope Caius was consecrated on December 17, 283. However, during his pontificate, the anti-repression was much attenuated. There were concessions for the construction of new churches and the expansion of cemeteries.

At the same time, on the home front, heresies multiplied. The last in chronological order was that of “Mitra” (nda: manicheistic type of heresy, of Asian origin, for which God assumed the heavenly contrast of light and of darkness).

His remains were first placed in the cemetery of San Callisto, in 1631, in what was his house in Rome, which then became a church. In 1880, when the church was demolished to build the Ministry of War, in via XX settembre, his relics were transferred to the chapel of the Barberini family.

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God’s vision to St. Peter centers on the command to eat animals that Jewish law did not permit them to eat. Peter understandably recoils when God tells him to slaughter the animals and eat them, because he is a practicing Jew, faithful to the covenant handed on to him. God continues with His command, telling Peter that “what God has made clean, you are not to call profane” (Acts 11:9). This convinces Peter to follow the men who come to him and preach to the Gentiles, bringing them into the New Covenant in Christ.

This was a shock to the Jews who confronted Peter, but they ultimately understood the vision and rejoiced. A people that was once considered unclean and cast out of the covenant was now allowed to enter into a relationship with God and receive the Holy Spirit, just as the Jews had been receiving the Spirit. Although it would have been understandable to view the Gentiles as outside of the covenant, God makes it clear that He wants to let them in.

This can be a good lesson for us in other areas of our spiritual lives, placed as we are in a Church with so many different expressions of faith and worship. To mention just one example, Roman Catholicism has two different expressions of the liturgy in the Novus Ordo (Mass following the Second Vatican Council, often in English) and the Traditional Latin Mass. Both of these are practiced throughout the world, and both communicate the means of grace necessary for Catholics to fulfill their Sunday obligation and receive our Lord in Holy Communion.

But in the face of these and many other differences, the proper response is often to remember God’s words to Peter. If we know that something or someone is from the Lord, then we should respect that and not hinder it. These situations will come in different ways, depending on our own personalities and preferences. Some people may find certain styles of preaching frustrating, while others may find them helpful. Some may find the leadership style of a particular pastor effective, while others may find it ineffective.

Not that these are things that “God has made clean” in the sense of sacred, but we can still use the words as an opportunity to appreciate legitimate diversity in the life of the Church. We aren’t asked to tolerate sin or wickedness. Aside from this, however, differences of opinion, style, and preference should not be stumbling blocks for us in the Christian life. 

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Reading 1 Acts 4:8-12

Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said:
“Leaders of the people and elders:
If we are being examined today
about a good deed done to a cripple,
namely, by what means he was saved,
then all of you and all the people of Israel should know
that it was in the name of Jesus Christ the Nazorean
whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead;
in his name this man stands before you healed.
He is the stone rejected by you, the builders,
which has become the cornerstone.
There is no salvation through anyone else,
nor is there any other name under heaven
given to the human race by which we are to be saved.”

Responsorial Psalm Ps 118:1, 8-9, 21-23, 26, 28, 29

R. (22) The stone rejected by the builders has become the cornerstone.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good,
for his mercy endures forever.
It is better to take refuge in the LORD
than to trust in man.
It is better to take refuge in the LORD
than to trust in princes.
R. The stone rejected by the builders has become the cornerstone.
or:
R. Alleluia.
I will give thanks to you, for you have answered me
and have been my savior.
The stone which the builders rejected
has become the cornerstone.
By the LORD has this been done;
it is wonderful in our eyes.
R. The stone rejected by the builders has become the cornerstone.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LORD;
we bless you from the house of the LORD.
I will give thanks to you, for you have answered me
and have been my savior.
Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good;
for his kindness endures forever.
R. The stone rejected by the builders has become the cornerstone.
or:
R. Alleluia.

Reading 2 1 Jn 3:1-2

Beloved:
See what love the Father has bestowed on us
that we may be called the children of God.
Yet so we are.
The reason the world does not know us
is that it did not know him.
Beloved, we are God’s children now;
what we shall be has not yet been revealed.
We do know that when it is revealed we shall be like him,
for we shall see him as he is.

Alleluia Jn 10:14

R. Alleluia, alleluia.
I am the good shepherd, says the Lord;
I know my sheep, and mine know me.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.

Gospel Jn 10:11-18

Jesus said:
“I am the good shepherd.
A good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.
A hired man, who is not a shepherd
and whose sheep are not his own,
sees a wolf coming and leaves the sheep and runs away,
and the wolf catches and scatters them.
This is because he works for pay and has no concern for the sheep.
I am the good shepherd,
and I know mine and mine know me,
just as the Father knows me and I know the Father;
and I will lay down my life for the sheep.
I have other sheep that do not belong to this fold.
These also I must lead, and they will hear my voice,
and there will be one flock, one shepherd.
This is why the Father loves me,
because I lay down my life in order to take it up again.
No one takes it from me, but I lay it down on my own.
I have power to lay it down, and power to take it up again.
This command I have received from my Father.”

– – –

Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States, second typical edition, Copyright © 2001, 1998, 1997, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine; Psalm refrain © 1968, 1981, 1997, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part of it may be reproduced, distributed, performed or displayed in any medium, including electronic or digital, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

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Gundulf, a Lombard citizen of Aosta, and Ermenberga of Burgundian descent birthed Anselm. From his mother, Anselm inherited piety and a thirst for knowledge at an early age. His biographer, Eadmer, recounts childhood memories shared by Anselm, including a vision where he imagined Heaven atop the mountains surrounding his home.

As a child, Anselm attempted to join a monastery but was denied by the abbot, fearing parental backlash. He then prayed for illness to persuade the monks, but despite falling ill, he was still denied entry. This disappointment coincided with the loss of his mother, which weakened his initial resolve. His father’s harshness eventually drove Anselm from home, leading him to travel through Mont Cenis into Normandy.

In Normandy, Anselm found his calling at the Abbey of Bec under Lanfranc’s tutelage. His learning there prepared him for roles he initially resisted, such as prior and eventually abbot after Lanfranc. Anselm’s leadership at Bec was marked by his gentle handling of initial resistance and significant contributions to philosophy and theology.

Anselm’s election as Archbishop of Canterbury came at a turbulent time. He resisted the role but was compelled to accept by King William Rufus’s insistence and a dramatic public ceremony. As archbishop, he navigated conflicts with the monarchy over church freedoms and property, reinforcing the church’s autonomy from royal interference, particularly in the contentious issue of investitures.

His tenure faced numerous challenges, including disputes over the rightful pope, which led Anselm to Rome to argue his allegiance to Pope Urban II. Despite King Henry I’s repeated attempts to sway Anselm to accept royal investiture, Anselm remained firm, resulting in legislative changes that favored church authority.

Anselm’s philosophical contributions were profound, notably his ontological argument for God’s existence, which continues to influence theological and philosophical thought. His life, marked by devotion and intellectual rigor, made him a pivotal figure in religious and academic circles, respected for his moral and scholarly resolve.

Anselm’s writings, foundational yet not as frequently cited as other theologians, offer deep insights into Catholic doctrines. His thoughts on free will, the Holy Spirit, and atonement are particularly noted for their depth and foresight.

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The Holy Spirit is burning within Peter, the first of the Apostles, as he proclaims the truth about Jesus to the leaders of the Jews in today’s First Reading: Jesus Christ is the stone they rejected and executed, the cornerstone of the Church, in Whom all salvation and healing is found.

In Christ, the Son of God, we also become children of God. In Christ, who calls himself the Good Shepherd, we are known and healed and saved. This Good Shepherd has sacrificed everything for our sake, laying down His life willingly, and taking it back up again.

Jesus is always the one in control. No one forces him to do anything. The Father sent him into the world on a mission of salvation, and his whole life is dedicated to saving all of us. It is a struggle, but he is not struggling to protect or save himself; he is struggling to save all of us as he gives all of Himself. The enemy does not make him recoil or run away from his mission; the “wolf” will not make him anxious, because he cannot lose. Jesus is not worried. He does not need to recalculate his battle plan. The Plan is set from the beginning: He must take on all our fallenness and woundedness and sin and death itself, and carry it all the way to Golgotha in his own Perfect Heart – completely human and completely divine; he must sacrifice himself wholly by laying down his life, and then transform every darkness into light when he takes up his life again.

And His glorious promise to us is that ultimately, all will be drawn together so that there will be one flock without division, under the one Shepherd of love. The love of the Father has willed that we be called His children, as St. John tells us. God has created a world and a Heaven that would not be complete without us, because we are all members of one family in Christ, each of us beloved sons and daughters. Through Christ’s rejection and death, we are redeemed, received, and given eternal life. In this freedom, we are called to accept this great gift and follow the commands of our Good Shepherd.

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Reading 1 Acts 9:31-42

The Church throughout all Judea, Galilee, and Samaria
was at peace.
She was being built up and walked in the fear of the Lord,
and with the consolation of the Holy Spirit she grew in numbers.

As Peter was passing through every region,
he went down to the holy ones living in Lydda.
There he found a man named Aeneas,
who had been confined to bed for eight years, for he was paralyzed.
Peter said to him,
“Aeneas, Jesus Christ heals you. Get up and make your bed.”
He got up at once.
And all the inhabitants of Lydda and Sharon saw him,
and they turned to the Lord.

Now in Joppa there was a disciple named Tabitha
(which translated is Dorcas).
She was completely occupied with good deeds and almsgiving.
Now during those days she fell sick and died,
so after washing her, they laid her out in a room upstairs.
Since Lydda was near Joppa,
the disciples, hearing that Peter was there,
sent two men to him with the request,
“Please come to us without delay.”
So Peter got up and went with them.
When he arrived, they took him to the room upstairs
where all the widows came to him weeping
and showing him the tunics and cloaks
that Dorcas had made while she was with them.
Peter sent them all out and knelt down and prayed.
Then he turned to her body and said, “Tabitha, rise up.”
She opened her eyes, saw Peter, and sat up.
He gave her his hand and raised her up,
and when he had called the holy ones and the widows,
he presented her alive.
This became known all over Joppa,
and many came to believe in the Lord.

Responsorial Psalm Ps 116:12-13, 14-15, 16-17

R. (12) How shall I make a return to the Lord for all the good he has done for me?
or:
R. Alleluia.
How shall I make a return to the LORD
for all the good he has done for me?
The cup of salvation I will take up,
and I will call upon the name of the LORD
R. How shall I make a return to the Lord for all the good he has done for me?
or:
R. Alleluia.
My vows to the LORD I will pay
in the presence of all his people.
Precious in the eyes of the LORD
is the death of his faithful ones.
R. How shall I make a return to the Lord for all the good he has done for me?
or:
R. Alleluia.
O LORD, I am your servant;
I am your servant, the son of your handmaid;
you have loosed my bonds.
To you will I offer sacrifice of thanksgiving,
and I will call upon the name of the LORD.
R. How shall I make a return to the Lord for all the good he has done for me?
or:
R. Alleluia.

Alleluia See Jn 6:63c, 68c

R. Alleluia, alleluia.
Your words, Lord, are Spirit and life;
you have the words of everlasting life.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.

Gospel Jn 6:60-69

Many of the disciples of Jesus who were listening said,
“This saying is hard; who can accept it?”
Since Jesus knew that his disciples were murmuring about this,
he said to them, “Does this shock you?
What if you were to see the Son of Man ascending to where he was before?
It is the Spirit that gives life, while the flesh is of no avail.
The words I have spoken to you are Spirit and life.
But there are some of you who do not believe.”
Jesus knew from the beginning the ones who would not believe
and the one who would betray him.
And he said, “For this reason I have told you that no one can come to me
unless it is granted him by my Father.”

As a result of this,
many of his disciples returned to their former way of life
and no longer walked with him.
Jesus then said to the Twelve, “Do you also want to leave?”
Simon Peter answered him, “Master, to whom shall we go?
You have the words of eternal life.
We have come to believe
and are convinced that you are the Holy One of God.”

– – –

Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States, second typical edition, Copyright © 2001, 1998, 1997, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine; Psalm refrain © 1968, 1981, 1997, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part of it may be reproduced, distributed, performed or displayed in any medium, including electronic or digital, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

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Saint Mark the Evangelist, author of the the Gospel of Mark, Martyr, disciple and friend of St. Peter, and the first bishop of Alexandria. Patron saint of Venice.
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Saint Agnes of Montepulciano, a holy virgin, was born in 1268 in a little village near Montepulciano, Italy, of the wealthy family of De Segni. Her birth was announced by great lights surrounding the house where she was born, and from her babyhood she was one specially marked out for dedication to God.

As a child, she often spent hours reciting the Our Father and Hail Mary on her knees in some private corner of a chamber. She was such a pious child that when she was nine years old her parents placed her in a Franciscan convent known as Sackins, so called because their habits or scapulars were made of sackcloth. Agnes was a model of all virtues to this austere community. She was also well-known for her gifts of miracles and prophecy.

At the age of fifteen, she entered the Dominican Order at Proceno, in the county of Orvieto, and was appointed abbess by Pope Nicholas IV. She slept on the ground, with a stone under her head, and for fifteen years fasted on bread and water. At the age of thirty, however, because of poor health, her spiritual director instructed her to eat other foods.

St. Agnes was noted for her visions. She held the infant Christ in her arms and received Holy Communion from an angel. She experienced levitations and she performed miracles for the faithful of the region.

The people of Montepulciano wanted so much for her to return to them that they destroyed a house of ill repute and in its place built a convent for Agnes. In her hometown, she established in this house nuns of the order of St. Dominic. Agnes continued to be a great example of piety, humility, and charity to all for the remainder of her life. Through a long illness she showed great patience and grace, offering her sufferings up to God for the redemption of souls.

Agnes died at Monte Pulciano on the 20th of April 1317 at the age of 43. Her body was removed to the Dominicans’ church of Orvieto in 1435, where it remains. She was solemnly canonized by Benedict XIII in 1726.

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Recently, we listened to a priest talk about the Legion of Mary so that we could prayerfully discern whether or not we should begin a group in our parish. It sounded amazing. You get together once a week to pray the rosary and other Marian prayers, you listen to words of wisdom, and have fellowship with others who are also trying to live out their devotion to Mary. I was all in. 

Then he told us that each member of the group would be given a weekly apostolic work and we would come back to the group to report it. We would be given tasks to complete, like visiting the homebound or hospitalized, praying for others, completing works of service or walking up to complete strangers and offering them the Miraculous Medal. 

Walking up to strangers. Talking to them about Mary. Evangelizing to strangers. Out of my comfort zone. Way out of my comfort zone. Panic inducing anxiety out of my comfort zone. 

Yet, like Peter, I have to say, “Lord, to whom shall I go?” 

Jesus is at the height of his popularity. People are calling for him to be king. They are all in. And then Jesus tells them that they must eat his flesh and drink his blood. What? Is he talking about cannibalism? Is he just trying to tell them that he will provide for them? What does this mean? And great numbers of people simply walk away. This is too hard. It invokes revulsion, anxiety, maybe even panic since it is out of their comfort zone. And they walk away. 

So Jesus asks his apostles if they are going to leave as well. And Peter responds, “Lord, to whom shall I go?” Peter doesn’t tell Jesus he understands these hard sayings. He doesn’t ask Jesus to clue him in or to make an exception. Peter simply stands on his relationship with Jesus and wonders aloud, “What else is there?” 

We are asked to do the same thing over and over again. When the teachings of the Church become hard and we want to look for something easier, to whom shall we go? When we are scandalized by the behavior of those we see in the pews next us, to whom shall we go? When our pastor doesn’t live up to our expectations, to whom shall we go? When helping to build the Kingdom of God here on earth takes me out of my comfort zone, to whom shall I go? 

I don’t know where this current path will lead, but I know I trust Jesus enough that if he is placing this before me, I need to prayerfully, wholeheartedly discern his call. Because, like Peter, I too believe, Lord, that you have the words of eternal life. I have come to believe and am convinced that you are the Holy One of God. To whom else should I go? 

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Reading 1 Acts 9:1-20

Saul, still breathing murderous threats against the disciples of the Lord,
went to the high priest and asked him
for letters to the synagogues in Damascus, that,
if he should find any men or women who belonged to the Way,
he might bring them back to Jerusalem in chains.
On his journey, as he was nearing Damascus,
a light from the sky suddenly flashed around him.
He fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to him,
“Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?”
He said, “Who are you, sir?”
The reply came, “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting.
Now get up and go into the city and you will be told what you must do.”
The men who were traveling with him stood speechless,
for they heard the voice but could see no one.
Saul got up from the ground,
but when he opened his eyes he could see nothing;
so they led him by the hand and brought him to Damascus.
For three days he was unable to see, and he neither ate nor drank.

There was a disciple in Damascus named Ananias,
and the Lord said to him in a vision, “Ananias.”
He answered, “Here I am, Lord.”
The Lord said to him, “Get up and go to the street called Straight
and ask at the house of Judas for a man from Tarsus named Saul.
He is there praying,
and in a vision he has seen a man named Ananias
come in and lay his hands on him,
that he may regain his sight.”
But Ananias replied,
“Lord, I have heard from many sources about this man,
what evil things he has done to your holy ones in Jerusalem.
And here he has authority from the chief priests
to imprison all who call upon your name.”
But the Lord said to him,
“Go, for this man is a chosen instrument of mine
to carry my name before Gentiles, kings, and children of Israel,
and I will show him what he will have to suffer for my name.”
So Ananias went and entered the house;
laying his hands on him, he said,
“Saul, my brother, the Lord has sent me,
Jesus who appeared to you on the way by which you came,
that you may regain your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit.”
Immediately things like scales fell from his eyes
and he regained his sight.
He got up and was baptized,
and when he had eaten, he recovered his strength.

He stayed some days with the disciples in Damascus,
and he began at once to proclaim Jesus in the synagogues,
that he is the Son of God.

Responsorial Psalm Ps 117:1bc, 2

R. (Mark 16:15) Go out to all the world and tell the Good News.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Praise the LORD, all you nations;
glorify him, all you peoples!
R. Go out to all the world and tell the Good News.
or:
R. Alleluia.
For steadfast is his kindness toward us,
and the fidelity of the LORD endures forever.
R. Go out to all the world and tell the Good News.
or:
R. Alleluia.

Alleluia Jn 6:56

R. Alleluia, alleluia.
Whoever eats my Flesh and drinks my Blood,
remains in me and I in him, says the Lord.
R. Alleluia, alleluia.

Gospel Jn 6:52-59

The Jews quarreled among themselves, saying,
“How can this man give us his Flesh to eat?”
Jesus said to them,
“Amen, amen, I say to you,
unless you eat the Flesh of the Son of Man and drink his Blood,
you do not have life within you.
Whoever eats my Flesh and drinks my Blood
has eternal life,
and I will raise him on the last day.
For my Flesh is true food,
and my Blood is true drink.
Whoever eats my Flesh and drinks my Blood
remains in me and I in him.
Just as the living Father sent me
and I have life because of the Father,
so also the one who feeds on me will have life because of me.
This is the bread that came down from heaven.
Unlike your ancestors who ate and still died,
whoever eats this bread will live forever.”
These things he said while teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum.

– – –

Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States, second typical edition, Copyright © 2001, 1998, 1997, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine; Psalm refrain © 1968, 1981, 1997, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part of it may be reproduced, distributed, performed or displayed in any medium, including electronic or digital, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

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Saint Mark the Evangelist, author of the the Gospel of Mark, Martyr, disciple and friend of St. Peter, and the first bishop of Alexandria. Patron saint of Venice.
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Born on 21 June 1002 in Egisheim, near Colmar on the borders of Alsace, Bruno of the noble family related to Emperor Conrad, grew up under the care of his pious parents, Hugh and Heilewide. This early environment shaped his devout character, evidenced by his distress over using a stolen book during his childhood. Educated under Berthold, Bishop of Toul, Bruno quickly distinguished himself both in academics and charisma, endearing him to his peers.

By 1017, Bruno was a canon at St. Stephen’s in Toul, where he mediated with the irascible Bishop Herimann’s successor. His cousin Conrad II’s accession in 1024 saw Bruno enter court life, and despite his military role during Conrad’s campaign in Italy, he maintained his ecclesiastical character, eventually becoming Bishop of Toul in 1027. His episcopacy was marked by his adept handling of both civic peace and ecclesiastical duties amid regional strife and famine.

Bruno’s reputation for virtue led to his selection as pope after the death of Damasus II in 1048. Reluctant yet duty-bound, he accepted, taking the name Leo IX. His pontificate was vigorous and reformative; he traveled extensively across Europe to combat simony and clerical immorality, significantly impacting church reform which Gregory VII would continue.

In 1049, at a synod in Reims, he addressed various ecclesiastical issues, including excommunicating the Archbishop of Compostela and forbidding a contentious marriage. His reform efforts were recognized widely, bringing him into conflict with both secular and ecclesiastical authorities.

Leo’s later years were dominated by his dealings with the Normans in Southern Italy, where he endeavoured to mediate peace but ultimately led a military campaign against them, resulting in his capture in 1053. Despite this defeat, he was treated with respect and continued to exert influence over the Norman leaders.

The challenges of his papacy also included dealing with the schism initiated by Michael Caerularius of Constantinople, which culminated in the East-West Schism shortly after Leo’s death on 19 April 1054. His efforts in England included interactions with King Edward the Confessor, reflecting his broad geopolitical influence.

Leo IX’s papacy, characterized by both his deep piety and his vigorous public reform efforts, left a lasting impact on the medieval Church, evident in the continuation of his policies by successors and his veneration as a saint after his death. His life’s work show his commitment to a moral and unified Christian Europe.

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